Problem-Solving Techniques in the Digital Health Space
Problem-solving is a step-by-step process of addressing the gap between the current state and the desired future state as defined by CDC. It is very evident that most digital health projects require problem-solving especially in this post COVID19 era.
In most cases, a digital solution is requested to replace a manual system or another digital system that was not functioning optimally. A typical example of a digital solution in this context is the adoption of electronic health records to replace paper-based records. The computerized health records must address the challenges of paper-based records otherwise the digital investment is wasted. In this article, we intend to share some techniques in problem-solving for digital health namely; simplification, analogy, and inversion.
Simplification is reducing a problem to bare bones. This is also called first principles thinking; a technique favored by Elon Musk. This technique provides room for original solutions as they are developed from the ground up. Let us assume that the main reason a facility needs electronic health records is to allow multiple doctors to access patient files at the same time. A basic solution might be a cloud-based shared drive or intranet where scanned patient files are organized in folders that allow multiple doctors to access them at the same time. We know that in reality electronic health records are implemented to address several problems. However, this would be a workable solution in cases where a fully-fledged electronic health record may not be affordable.
Solving problems by analogy requires comparing a problem to existing solutions in the same industry or beyond. Assume you are working at a hospital that just conducted surgery on the wrong patient. You have been hired to prevent the problem from happening again. You may consider learning from big international airports since they deal with thousands of passengers every day and make sure that every passenger boards the right plane. They scan the passport to make sure that the passenger booked the flight, check the face on the passport against the person checking in, lookout for a visa if the passenger needs one, scan a boarding pass before the passenger goes through security, collect biometrics when going through immigration/customs and scan each boarding pass at the boarding gate. You may consider adopting some of these strict checks to prevent your hospital from operating on the wrong patient in the future.
Inversion on the other hand requires turning the problem on its head. Alternatively, you may look at the problem from different points of view of the stakeholders affected by the problem. An example is, “what if doctors were taken care of by patients?” This shifts the importance we put on doctors to patients. Patients that cannot walk would prefer to provide care to the doctors remotely. Doctors would not wait too long to be seen because there are many patients than doctors. Patients would use simple language to talk to doctors. Both digital and non-digital solutions would come out of this line of thinking.
In his 1925 speech at Bell Labs on Creative Thinking, Claude Shannon emphasized exploring different problem-solving techniques in providing new solutions to old persistent problems. The techniques we have explored above can be applied to digital health and other areas. The key to arriving at a workable solution is to keep an open mind and let your curiosity help you find the solution. There might be other techniques that you may know beyond these. Please feel free to share through comments.
Author: Christopher Mwase - Research & Development Deputy Manager at Compelling Works
